Desigualdades en la formación básica en cuidados paliativos / Inequalities in basic palliative care training

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Adherencia a la dieta mediterránea y su relación con el estado nutricional en personas mayores / Adherence to the Mediterranean diet and its relation to nutritional status in older people

Introducción: La Dieta Mediterránea (DM) como modelo de dieta de calidad se asocia con una reducción de la mortalidad y con una mejora en la calidad de vida en personas mayores. Objetivo: Evaluar la relación entre el estado nutricional y los estilos de vida con el grado de adherencia a la DM en personas mayores Métodos: Muestra compuesta por 60 sujetos que acudían a la consulta de enfermería de un centro de salud de Alicante con un Índice de Masa Corporal mayor a 24.9. Se utilizó el cuestionario de frecuencia de consumo de alimentos MEDIS-FFQ, el cuestionario de adherencia a la Dieta Mediterránea PREDIMED y la valoración antropométrica. Resultados: El 83.3% de la población presentó sobrepeso frente a un 16.7% de obesidad, sin diferencias significativas entre sexos. El porcentaje de grasa corporal fue del 40.3% en las mujeres y 29.5% en los hombres (p=0.001). El 65.2% de la mujeres presentó riesgo cardiovascular frente al 81.8% de los hombres (p=0.001). Se observó bajo cumplimento de las recomendaciones alimentarias en los cereales integrales, fruta y frutos secos. Los sujetos con baja adherencia a la DM presentaron mayores índices de obesidad (OR= 1.46; IC 95%, 0.89- 2.40), un mayor consumo de tabaco (OR= 1.65; IC 95%, 1.05-2.60) y de alcohol (OR=1.53; IC 95%, 0.91-2.55), un mayor índice cintura-cadera (OR= 2.57; IC 95%, 1.3-4.9) y mayor porcentaje de grasa corporal (OR= 5.3; IC 95%, 1.02-6.48). Conclusión: Los sujetos con una buena adherencia a la (DM) presentaron un menor índice cintura-cadera y un menor porcentaje de grasa corporal (AU)

Introduction: The Mediterranean diet (MD) and model quality diet is associated with a reduction in mortality and an improvement in quality of life in elderly. Objective: To evaluate the relationship between nutritional status and lifestyles with the degree of adherence to the DM in elderly Methods: Sample consists of 60 subjects who attended the nursing consultation of a scepter health of Alicante with an index greater than 24.9 body mass. The frequency questionnaire food consumption MEDIS-FFQ questionnaire PREDIMED adherence to the Mediterranean diet and anthropometric assessment was used. Results: 83.3% of the population were overweight compared to 16.7% obesity, no significant differences between sexes. The percentage of body fat was 40.3% in women and 29.5% in men (p = 0.001). 65.2% of the women had cardiovascular risk compared with 81.8% of men (p = 0.001). It was observed under compliance with dietary recommendations in whole grains, fruits and nuts. Subjects with low adherence to the DM had higher rates of obesity (OR = 1.46; 95% CI, 0.89-2.40), increased consumption of snuff (OR = 1.65; 95% CI, 1.05-2.60) and alcohol (OR = 1.53; 95% CI, 0.91-2.55), increased waist-hip ratio (OR = 2.57; 95% CI, 1.3-4.9) and higher percentage of body fat (OR = 5.3; 95% CI, 1.02-6.48). Conclusion: Subjects with good adherence (DM) had a lower waist-hip ratio and a lower percentage of body fat (AU)

Reliability of 4-m and 6-m walking speed tests in elderly people with cognitive impairment.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the interrater and test-retest reliability of 4-m and 6-m walking speed tests in elderly people with cognitive impairment. 50 subjects aged 65 and over with cognitive impairment were selected from an adult day-care centre and a nursing home. To examine interrater reliability, 21 people were evaluated independently by two researchers who administered the 4-m and 6-m walking tests in each evaluation. For test-retest reliability, two observers administered the tests to the same 29 subjects, with a time interval of one week. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were calculated to examine interrater and test-retest reliability. The ICCs for interrater reliability reached values of 0.96 and 0.88 for the 4-m and 6-m walking tests, respectively. In the test-retest study, the time interval was 7.4±1.17 days. The ICCs were 0.91 for the 4-m test and 0.86 for the 6-m test. The results support the use of walking tests in elderly people with cognitive impairment.

The Spanish versions of the Barthel index (BI) and the Katz index (KI) of activities of daily living (ADL): a structured review.

In this article, the evidence relating to the appropriateness to the target population, practicality and psychometric properties of the BI and the KI of ADL on samples of Spanish old people has been evaluated. To obtain the original documents electronic searches were carried out in Spanish databases and in international databases, MEDLINE, PsycInfo, CINAHL and EMBASE, as well as manual searches and references searches. Twenty articles met the inclusion criteria. The results show a large number of versions, for the two instruments, with weak processes of transcultural adaptation, without standards for its administration, nor for its interpretability. The most evaluated point of reliability was the interrater reproducibility. The evidence about predictive validity is extensive, but the evidence about concurrent validity and responsiveness is very scarce.

[Structured review of activities of daily living measures in older people]. / Revisión estructurada de las medidas de actividades de la vida diaria en personas mayores.

OBJECTIVE: the present article evaluates the evidence relating to the conceptual adaptation, applicability and psychometric properties of activities of daily living measures in Spanish elderly people. MATERIAL AND METHODS: to obtain original documents, electronic searches were carried out in Spanish (IME and ISOC) and international databases (MEDLINE, PsycInfo, CINAHL and EMBASE). Manual searches and reference searches were also conducted. RESULTS: 34 articles relating to 4 instruments met the inclusion criteria: the Barthel Index, the Katz Index, the Red Cross Scale of Physical Disability and the Subscale of Personal Care Activities from the OARS. Overall, the results show a large number of versions for each instrument with weak transcultural adaptation processes and without standards for their administration or interpretation. The most frequently evaluated reliability measure was interrater reproducibility. The evidence on predictive validity is extensive, but the evidence on concurrent validity and responsiveness is almost nil. CONCLUSIONS: one version of the Barthel index and another one of the Katz index are the two versions about which the largest quantity of information has been obtained.

Revisión estructurada de las medidas de actividades de la vida diaria en personas mayores / Structured review of activities of daily living measures in older people

Objetivo: evaluar la adecuación conceptual, la aplicabilidad y las propiedades psicométricas de las medidas de actividades de la vida diaria empleadas con personas mayores españolas. Material y métodos: se realizaron búsquedas electrónicas en bases de datos nacionales (IME e ISOC) e internacionales (MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycInfo y EMBASE), así como búsquedas manuales y rastreo de referencias. Resultados: se incluyeron 34 estudios empíricos relativos a 4 instrumentos: el índice de Barthel, el índice de Katz, la escala de incapacidad física de la Cruz Roja y la escala de actividades de cuidado personal del OARS. Los resultados evidencian, en general, un elevado número de versiones para cada escala, con procesos de adaptación transcultural endebles y sin normas de administración ni de interpretabilidad. La reproducibilidad interobservador es el aspecto de la fiabilidad más examinado. La evidencia sobre la validez predictiva es amplia, pero las evidencias sobre la validez concurrente y la responsividad son casi nulas. Conclusiones: una versión del índice de Barthel y otra del índice de Katz son las que más evidencias han reunido

Objective: the present article evaluates the evidence relating to the conceptual adaptation, applicability and psychometric properties of activities of daily living measures in Spanish elderly people. Material and methods: to obtain original documents, electronic searches were carried out in Spanish (IME and ISOC) and international databases (MEDLINE, PsycInfo, CINAHL and EMBASE). Manual searches and reference searches were also conducted. Results: 34 articles relating to 4 instruments met the inclusion criteria: the Barthel Index, the Katz Index, the Red Cross Scale of Physical Disability and the Subscale of Personal Care Activities from the OARS. Overall, the results show a large number of versions for each instrument with weak transcultural adaptation processes and without standards for their administration or interpretation. The most frequently evaluated reliability measure was interrater reproducibility. The evidence on predictive validity is extensive, but the evidence on concurrent validity and responsiveness is almost nil. Conclusions: one version of the Barthel index and another one of the Katz index are the two versions about which the largest quantity of information has been obtained

[Review of the attributes of patient-based health outcomes instruments]. / Revisión de los atributos de las medidas de resultados de salud basados en el paciente.

Study of the quality and use of patient-based outcomes instruments has been and still is an area of growing interest in many health disciplines, including nursing. In the last 30 years, the number of measures has greatly increased. However, there is enormous disparity in their contents, hampering selection of one or other of these instruments for use in clinical medicine or research. The aim of this article was to describe the quality attributes that patient-based health instruments should meet before being used. For that purpose, we provide a detailed description of the attributes on which there is both national and international consensus. These instruments are grouped in 3 main axes: conceptual adequacy, applicability, and psychometric properties.

Réplica: ciencia frente a idioma: desempolvemos el diccionario de esperanto / Reply: science vs. language: let us dust off the Esperanto dictionary

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Fiabilidad y validez de la escala de satisfacción vital de Diener en una muestra de mujeres embarazadas y puérperas / Realiability and validity of the satisfaction with life scale of Diener in pregnant and puerperium women

El presente estudio analiza las propiedades psicométricas de la versión en castellano de la Escala de Satisfacción con la Vida (Diener, Emmons, Larsen y Griffin, 1985) utilizando como muestra 588 mujeres en período de gestación y puerperio. Se examinó la fiabilidad de la escala a través del alfa de Cronbach, cuyo valor fue de 0,82. El análisis de componentes principales mostró un único factor que explicaba el 58,6 por ciento de la varianza. Las evidencias convergentes y discriminantes de validez de la escala, con las dimensiones de las Láminas COOP-WONCA y el Perfil de Salud de Nottingham, mostraron que el constructo satisfacción vital obtiene mayores correlaciones con los indicadores de la dimensión psicológica que con aquellos que hacen referencia a la dimensión física, con los que no obtuvo relación significativa. Los ítems referidos al dominio social y, seguidamente, aquellos relacionados con la energía, el dolor y el sueño mostraron correlaciones estadísticamente significativas pero menores que los de la dimensión psicológica (AU)

This study analyzes the psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the Satisfaction with Life Scale (Diener, Emmons, Larsen & Griffin, 1985) in 588 pregnant women or in puerperium.The reliability was examined with the alpha of Cronbach, whose value was 0,82 and the analysis of the main components showed a single- factor solution accounting for 58,6% of the variance. The convergent and discriminant evidence was analyzed with the domains of COOP-WONCA Charts and The Nottinghan Health Profil: the life satisfaction obtained significant relationship with the indicators of the mental domain and it didn’t show significant relation with the physical domain. The items about social domain and then those related to energy, pain and sleep showed statistically significant relations, but lower than those related to the psychological domain (AU)